Law of the European Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Law of the European Union - Essay Example Rivalry law advances and improves rivalry in a given country. This is on the grounds that once they exist, various business people have an equivalent opportunity to set up organizations that can contend with existing organizations. This is on the grounds that in a country with a purview that jelly rivalry laws, there is a decent possibility that an ever increasing number of organizations can be opened up and this will incite advancement and help organizations to look for the best outcomes. Richard Whish expressed that As a general recommendation rivalry law comprises of decides that are proposed to secure the procedure of rivalry so as to amplify shopper welfare3. This announcement proposes that opposition law eventually tries to secure the eventual benefits of buyers. This paper analyzes the legitimacy of this declaration through the assessment of European Union Law. As a foundation to the assessment of purchaser premiums, the exploration will inspect the key segment of market structures. The paper at that point proceeds to investigate European Union law to distinguish how rivalry law accomplishes the finish of securing buyers. Market structures looks at some key parts of rivalry from the perspective of financial matters. The fundamental supposition of market structures is that in each market, there are two predominant gatherings: purchasers and venders. Venders are the business visionaries who produce merchandise and enterprises for purchasers. Venders have a solid relationship with purchasers since purchasers give income to merchants to stay beneficial and in business. So a fundamental suspicion of this part of financial matters is that the higher the value the higher the amount produced4. Purchasers then again try to spend the most minimal measures of cash on products and enterprises. So there is a sort of contention among purchasers and venders. While purchasers look for the most reduced costs, venders try to get the most elevated measure of income from purchasers. This is the premise of

Jay-Z, Reasonable Doubt vs. Eminem, the Slim Shady Lp free essay sample

After some time, be that as it may, hip jump has lost its change operator assurance, to some degree since it as rose as apparently the most well known music work of art among todays youth. In any case, the most genuine hip-bounce pundits look both to substance, crowd, and business achievement. Jay-Gs Reasonable Doubt (Released in 1996) and Amines The Slim Shady LIP (Released in 1999) present a troublesome double for devotees of the class. One explanation is they create very surprising crowds. The two collections re-characterized norms in the business and constrained fans and pundits to ask: What does this mean for hip-bounce as a movement?Also I'm not catching it's meaning for hip-jump as a business? These two men have re-imagined the class as both a business and a political power in generally speaking manners. Hip-jump has extended and expanded however its a people groups development. Jay-Gs collection talks the authentic, imaginative and political convention of the class: to the road tricksters, individuals in urban and ghetto America, to the Hood. Amines collection, on the other hand, isn't to be paid attention to. Amine uncovered his fantastical sexual proclivities, his outrageous medication misuse, his fierce wants, and his indignation towards his mom and ex-wife.These contrast will draw two distinct kinds of crowds and at last fan bases. Amines The Slim Shady LIP verses were For diversion purposes and to be paid attention to. Most melodies highlight significant measures of swearing, gay slurs, various references to sex and sedates, and over-the-top depictions of brutality. (- wisped. Organization. ) These are themes that the standard stalwart hip-jump fan or pundit would not incline toward musically. This style would likewise be to some degree new to past famous hip jump specialists styles.The creation credits on Reasonable Doubt incorporate DC Premier, Clark Kent, DC Peter Panic, Nobody, and Ski. The Slim Shady LIP is generally created by DRP Drew, likewise makers Mark ; Jeff Bass, Mel-Man, and Amine himself are credited. * Most pundits would later guarantee that Amines collection drew such a great amount of consideration from discussion; it was at last the motivation behind why he sold such a significant number of records. Individuals couldnt accept he could express the things he was stating n his music without being edited and many individuals were interested to hear it for themselves. Contention deals. The Slim Shady LIP got a handle on to a greater degree a tattle and pattern following crowd. Paradoxically, Reasonable Doubt was an informal exchange and increasingly genuine hip containers crowd that were buyers of the collection initially, which most pundits state it was a sleeper and is proclaimed as Jay-Gs most distinguished accomplishments, a fundamental work and an undisputed great(- wisped. Organization). Additionally it experienced monetarily a period that hip-jump is commanded by the west coast craftsman and that the west coast fans didnt imply east coast craftsman in those particular times.You could contend that Amine had a west coast, Midwest, and for the most part a mainstream society crowd. Additionally his crowd was generally white adolescents. Anyway Amine is hip-bounce, hes a rapper and he is an amazingly skilled craftsman. Jay-Gs crowd was unquestionably hip-bounce, conventional hip-jump fans and craftsman the same. He had a greater amount of a grown-up fan base in 1996. Now in his vocation Jay-Z is to a lesser degree a traverse/worldwide craftsman than Amine. He presently can't seem to build up the mainstream society following that he has today. With regards to Hip-bounce culture Reasonable Doubt is a collection with very blunders expressive content.The collection grandstands the ability, the reality, the desire, the way of life and the battle of the youthful dark male: A road trickster from Marcy Projects turned fruitful business person. The collection would have more significance, a greater effect, and more impact on Hip-bounce culture than The Slim Shady LIP, a collection from a white child from a trailer park turned uber hotshot, that features his certain ability, yet an adverse by and large message, and an overstated persona. Jay-Gs Reasonable Doubt melodious substance has the arrogance of B.I. G and the takes it to the following level. On an expressive level he has an ability for wrongdoing story logy, hilarious turns of phrase, and a deep manner. With lines like (When it results in these present circumstances cheddar fall like three visually impaired mice. ) Just for fundamental for essential rap relate-capacity. Anyway Jay-Gs stream is all his own, and is difficult to contrast with some other MAC. Each line fits together splendidly into pro sections and significantly more frequently than in ass rap Reasonable Doubt highlights extraordinary melodies that recount to the narratives of the Mafioso life. Sensible Doubt set the east coast back up for life, fortified the connection between the mafia way of life and the hip pop craftsman, re-concentrated consideration on the road hawker, and requested that the dark network rethink the genuine guilty party for the dark communitys ills. The east coast crowd cherished the collection, and the west coast crowd couldnt preclude the quality from claiming the collection. Jay-Z re-coordinated hip jump eyes from the progressing meat among east and west coast, and set his fury towards influence structures and cash flows.Artistically, Jay-Z exhibited that he is a narrator, a lyricist, a troubadour and an entertainer. Interestingly, when Amine dropped the Slim S hady LIP, dissimilar to Jay-Z Amine didn't discuss medicate managing. He discussed murder, assault, and medication misuse. He additionally had the help of west coast fans on the quality of DRP Drew. In one tune Amine is talking adorably to his girl while dumping her moms body in the water: Mama needed to give you how far she can skim/and dont stress over that little bungle on her throat/its only a scratch. Rappers, including Jay-Z on Reasonable Double parodied Americas fixation on the criminal dark man, and guiltiness for the most part. Hip jump craftsmen have over and over, arraigned the war on drugs, in their music, centering consideration regarding the absurdity of American spending and waste in controlling dope. Amine turned around this custom. He was not the street pharmacist. He was the medication client, the white man fallen. The expressive substance of Reasonable Doubt has more worth, more reason, and is progressively positive. It is better than The Slim Shady LIP as far as expressive content.So Jay-Gs collection will impact an increasingly melodious crowd. Amines persona on The Slim Shady LIP wasnt actually a persona of hip-bounce. He was an alternate kind of criminal. He was degenerate, not threatening. His issues were not for the most part socio-political in character, and they were mental also. Some of Amines crowd could distinguish and identify with Hess characteristics and were attracted. Then again, Jay Gs persona on Reasonable Doubt would not set out display a frail mental brain. A ton of his crowd was pulled in to him major in view of that trademark alone.Jay-Gs persona was Mafioso, amazing, effective, and rich. He was an achiever. Hip-bounce truly, a dark keeps an eye on workmanship, excused a psycho-authentic imperfection with dark manliness rather hip jump craftsmen prosecuted white keeps an eye on law as the guilty party of their ills. To a limited extent, Amines fixation on his own mental show uncovered his benefit as a white man and a white craftsman. He put his defects on full showcase. Psychological wellness experts may have determined him to have an assortment of clutters from psychosis to character issue, maybe even schizophrenia.He didn't have similar issues with bigotry, racial profiling, bombed schools, and so forth. He put Americas psychosis and inclination for brutality on the guide. The business accomplishment of the Slim Shady LIP recommended that it was alright for a white man to assault, a white man to kill, since he grew up poor, the child of a medication junkie, the result of a solitary family home. Through the brightness of his craft, America permitted Amine to chive a specific degree of inside harmony, lucidity and significant achievement, mirroring the business norms of the chronicle business explicitly. Taking everything into account both of these craftsmen are known for their melodious substance, their serious nature, their stage nearness, and their capacity to sell records and, likewise for helping the hip-jump traverse into mainstream society. These two will be two of the best the class has ever observed. Anyway with regards to hip-bounce theres consistently the inquiry concerning the effect and impact the specialists debut collection had on hip-jump. This is one of the principle factors that help figure out who is the better craftsman as well as who had the general unrivaled album.In end my contention is Reasonable Doubt was better than aha Slim Shady LIP in all perspectives with the exception of its business achievement. Amines crowd were bound to buy and collection as opposed to downloading it. My feeling, in view of the focuses referenced in my paper Reasonable Doubt is a superior collection than The Slim Shay and was a superior collection for hip-jump culture in general. Anyway Amines enormous business crowd permitted him to be contrasted with the best craftsman in the class, and furthermore to hugy affect hip-bounce culture. LaMar Burgess

Places to Sit at MIT

Places to Sit at MIT I came to MIT with an ambitious goal: to sit everywhere on campus. Oh yeah, and to get an MIT degree. After four years, Ive completed neither goal. Never fear, Im taking another semester in the fall to finish my studies and to continue sitting in places. The two goals are related. Whenever I get stuck on my work, I like to find a new place to study. The change of scenery is refreshing and jumpstarts my mind to continue working. MIT has some breathtaking architecture. After four full years of being here, I still dont feel like Ive learned everything Ive wanted to learn nor explored all the places on campus Ive wanted to explore. Luckily, MIT allows students to take extra semesters (known as super-senior status) to finish up a degree. Im excited to be taking advantage of this opportunity to continue learning what MIT has to teach me. In the meantime, these are some of the highlights of some of my favorite places to sit and study on campus over the past couple of years. 1. Sloan   2. MIT Medical Stairs   3. MIT Medical Hallway   4. New Media Lab   5. Old Media Lab   6. Stata Patio   7. Stata Outside   8. Collier Cranes   9. Stata Lobby   10. Stata Stairs   11. Building 38   12. The Tunnels   13. 26-100 Lecture Hall   14. Lobby 10   15. Barker Library (inside the Dome)   16. Hall of Colors   17. Green Room   18. Lobby 7   19. Student Center Balcony   20. Student Center Lobby   Post Tagged #photography

Human Health, Wellbeing, And Survival Essay - 934 Words

â€Å"Culture and care together are predicted to be powerful theoretical constructs essential to human health, wellbeing, and survival. In depth knowledge of the specific culture care values, beliefs, and lifeways of human beings within life’s experiences is held as important to unlock a wealth of new knowledge for nursing and health practices†( Leininger, 2008) . My friend said white culture, beliefs, values and lifeways includes:- independence, work oriented, doesn’t want any governmental interference, would like to take care of their own, don’t want to admit they need help- they have a strong sense of pride, respecting seniors and not sharing things among family members, wanting easy life. Knowing about her culture and values she doesn’t like nurses and any other people to tell her what is good and bad for her. She wants to take her own decision. Good care for her is the conventional method, like going to the physician listening to them and follo wing their advice unlike Hispanic culture, she added. On answering the spiritual question she stated she doesn’t has much to say about it. They don’t have any rituals, just a prayers and going to church. She said she is highly dependent in technology like Laptop, I-pad and I-phone are her gadgets that she can’t live without it as she relies in it a lot. For e.g. she uses pedometer apps to count how many steps she walks each day. In the hospital she thinks Electronic Medical Service, Medi-tech are the high tech modern appliances toShow MoreRelatedThe Rate Of Development Of Health Awareness1227 Words   |  5 PagesThe rate of development in health awareness using in the U.S. has outpaced the development rate in the horrible household item (GDP), swelling, and population for a long time. Somewhere around 1940 and 1990, the yearly rate of development in genuine well being using for every capita ranged from 3.6% in the 1960s to 6.5% in the 1990s. Correspondingly, the offer of GDP represented by human services using rose from 4.5% in 1940 to 12.2% in 1990. In 2005 social insurance using was about $2 trillionRead MoreThe Fish Market Is An Industry965 Words   |  4 PagesIf someone googles â€Å"what to make for dinner† the typical recipe calls for pork, chicken beef or fish. All of which consume of nonhuman living organisms. People, or also known as individuals or humans, depend on these resources for food and survival. On average, 90 million tons of fish are caught each year. This large amount comes from not only individuals fishing as a hobby or from fisherman entertaining fans of such a sport, but this large amount is due from those who fish for a living. There areRead MoreThe Effect Of Early Skin On Skin Contact Between Mother And Newborn Post Delivery On The Duration Of Third Stage Essay1117 Words   |  5 Pagesand mother satisfaction. Afaf Mohamed Mohamed Emam1 Eman Mohamed Abd Elhakm2 1,2Lecturer of Obstetric Women s Health Nursing, Faculty of nursing, Benha University, Egypt. I. Introduction: In people, routine mother-infant partition not long after birth is extraordinary to the twentieth century. This practice wanders from transformative history, where neonatal survival relied on upon close and for all intents and purposes constant maternal contact. In spite of the fact that from a developmentalRead MoreSocial Relationships And Social Support1440 Words   |  6 Pagessupport is critical to our survival in situations of long term illness or trauma, and that having a good social support structure can greatly increase the person’s chance of surviving and recovering from said illness or trauma. Anthropologically speaking humans are social creatures that require support and contact with other people, preferably family or close friends. We are by nature social creatures that have evolved to live in large communities, whereby knowing that survival and help is where theRead MoreTourism Is The Thriving Business992 Words   |  4 Pagesthriving business. The benefits of tourism incorporates job opportunity, development of administration division, outside trade income, open door for diversion, monetary development, social trade, better worldwide relations, pleasure, better wellbeing and health. Tourism gives livelihood chance to nearby individuals. Tourism industry is becoming quickly in world utilizing a large number of individuals. Also, administrations segment occupied with tourism segment get the most out of tourism divisionRead MoreEarly Life As A Social Determinant Of Health1403 Words   |  6 PagesEarly life as a social determinant of health has the potential to impact both a person’s health and wellbeing. Social and economic disadvantage, belonging to a marginalised population, access to adequate nutrition, educational attainment and exposure to adverse experiences all contribute to an individual’s functional health into midlife and old life age. Those children who suffer socioeconomic disadvantages have earlier onset and faster progression of disease, resulting in higher morbidity and earlierRead MoreNature and our responsibility towards it1190 Words   |  5 Pagesresources that we depend on constantly. We have a responsibility towards these resou rces and that’s to not deplete them. We have to stand up and take responsibility and save the resource before they are all gone. If we deplete these resources the human species will die out. First we have to take responsibility and not deplete our natural resources because they feed us. Animals eat natural resources such as grass, hay, and a mixture of other natural resources so that they can stay alive. In returnRead MorePrior To European Invasion And Settlement, Aboriginal Australians1590 Words   |  7 PagesAnderson et al (2006) state that ‘Precontact health care systems’ were focused upon the inter-relationships of land, people, the living and non-living entities and creator beings. If the land was not cared for, it got sick, and so would all other beings related to the land, including the people (Anderson et al, 2006). Tenure of management was dictated by law, passed down through the Dreaming and Ancestors, and was practiced to ensure balance and to maintain health. The balance ensured a variable accessRead MoreThe relevance of nutrition in health Essay896 Words   |  4 Pagesoptimum health† Nutrition can be described as the science of consuming and utilizing foods in a natural medicinal way so as to provide the human body with optimum health by taking care of the body’s dietary needs. Nutritional science studies how the human body catabolizes and anabolizes certain groups of foods to see how they affect the repair and creation of new and old cells. Good nutrition and a healthy lifestyle, combined with regular physical activity, are essential to good health and wellbeingRead MoreThe Concepts And Strengths Of Maslow s Theory823 Words   |  4 Pagesnursing ii) Caring is essential for health and well-being, healing, growth, survival, and also for facing illness or death iii) Culturally based care is a broad holistic perspective to guide nursing care practices iv) The main purpose of the transcultural nursing is to serve human beings v) There can be no curing without the giving and receiving of culturally based care vi) Culture care concepts have both commonalities and differences transculturally vii) Every human culture has folk remedies, professional

Napoleon and Castro Helped to Change the World Into Which...

Politics shape the world we live in, and to change the world we live in requires a special people, for example Napoleon Bonaparte and Fidel Castro. These two men are some of few who took the world they were born into and changed it dramatically, but how exactly did they go about doing that? Fidel Castro was born a bastard child, his father an immigrant from northwestern Spain, and raised on a farm which his father led to success. Fidel was sent to a public school where he was reprimanded for misbehaving and was sent to a prestigious private Catholic school. Napoleon was born on Corsica an Italian island a year before it was transferred to France, whom he took as his home. His family were minor Italian nobles which gave Napoleon more†¦show more content†¦Fidel would spend many of the next 3 years staging rebellion attempts against the cuban government until 1956 where he staged a guerilla war against government forces until 1959. After a brutal war three men took power in Cuba until one of the three tried to oust the other two leaving one fleeing and Castro to take his revenge and killing him, leaving him the leader of Cuba. Napoleon would spend the next few years fighting wars in Italy and Egypt under the French government securing victory after victory for the still shaky republican government. He was called back to France to guard its borders and found the Republic weak and unliked, ousting the cabinet he held a Plebiscite a vote for him to become emperor. Three million voted for him and one thousand five hundred and sixty seven voted against. Leaving him emperor of France. Both of these men took control of a Nation from an unpopular government, one through force and one through a popular vote. Both of these men would change their respective nations over the next few years. Fidel would attempt to charm the United states into enacting a Latin American Marshall plan, though failing and striking a mutual dislike between him and then vice president Richard-Nixon in 1959. He would spend the next few years building schools and hospitals and enactingShow MoreRelatedFidel1450 Words   |  6 PagesOrganization Leadership - Assignment Fidel Castro is one of the most recognizable leaders in world history. He led Cuba as Prime Minister and, subsequently, as President for almost fifty years. He was born and raised upper-middle class as his father was a very successful farmer and did quite well for himself and his family. There were several key events that led to Castro’s rise as a powerful leader and shaped him into the man who successfully led the Cuban revolution. First of allRead More CUBA: The Great Journey in Economic Development on the United State’s Doorstep5530 Words   |  23 Pagesextent to which the Revolution of 1959 actually served as a change from past regimes. It is ignorant to evaluate the revolution in a vacuum, because past events that created the climate where such a change could take place. Yet it is also immature to state that 1959 was purely a product of history and previous revolutions. The story of the Cuban revolution and events since does not begin with the revolution itself. Rather, it starts from the political, economic, and social situations which evolvedRead MoreThe Partition Of India And India2937 Words   |  12 Pages(Hindu-dominated). Ghandi was the leading figure of the INC. He advocated for a unified Hindu and Muslim Indian, but other officia ls however disagreed about what kind of independent state India should have. The Hindus were the majority, and the Muslims were the minority. There was much debate about which culture would define the new nation. Up until this point it was the Hindu culture that defined Indian culture. In 1946 riots broke out between the Hindus and Muslims, and the leader of the Muslim League demandedRead MoreThe Rise and Rule of Single-Party States7795 Words   |  32 PagesAdolf Hitler * 1.5 Russia- Josef Stalin * 1.6 Cuba- Fidel Castro | Introduction * The 20th century produced many single-party states. The origins, ideology, form of government, organization, nature, and impact of these should be studied in this topic. Questions will be set on major themes. Some of these will require knowledge of two regions. Major Themes * Origins of single-party states * conditions which produce single-party state. * emergence of leader: aims, ideologyRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesPower and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance

Woman in Black Free Essays

Why do you think Susan Hill called her story The Woman in Black? How effective is it as a title? One of the most important parts of any book can be the title and in this case, Susan Hill has decided on her title as being The Woman in Black. Throughout this essay I will be looking at how Susan Hill has used her title effectively and I will also look at the reasons why Hill might have named her title The Woman in Black. At first it may seem a very simple title but as I will go through in this essay, simple might be the very cause of the effect it makes. We will write a custom essay sample on Woman in Black or any similar topic only for you Order Now Firstly, the story itself is heavily based on a gothic genre which consists of all the things you would expect to see in a gothic novel, haunted houses, isolated areas, dark themes and of course, in this particular novel, this mysterious ‘Woman in Black’. With this gothic genre, comes a gothic title which is definitely identified by one word, â€Å"Black†. The work ‘black’ always creates a negative mood and shows darkness and links this mood with the story, so you know what sort of things to expect from this book just from the title but more importantly, you want to know why. This is what will encourage the reader to read and enjoy the book. Secondly, I think a sense of mystery is created by the title ‘The Woman in Black’ and this creates questions about the book. This adds to the enjoyment of the book as their will always be tension and suspense in anticipation about the appearance of the Woman in Black. An example of this is when Arthur Kipps calls the woman in at the funeral â€Å"the woman with the wasted face†, this would just seem normal but the fact that this woman is all in black relates us back to the title which creates suspicion about this woman. The main questions I think the title brings up about this book is who actually is this Woman in Black and why is she so important in the book? And these questions will stir around in your head the throughout the novel and will add to the effect that the Woman in Black brings as all will be focused on her. Overall, I think the title ‘The Woman in Black’ forms a better interest for the novel in a variety of different ways and all these different ways, however small or large their effect, build up and create the effect as a whole. I think the effect is most noticeably shown through the entertainment of the novel which the title adds towards as well and the main reason I think Susan Hill named her novel this title was to enhance the entertainment that this novel produces. How to cite Woman in Black, Essay examples

Inferencing and Drawing Conclusion Essay Example For Students

Inferencing and Drawing Conclusion Essay It may be implied by an antonym or by contrasting thought in the context Paraphrasing and Summarizing Paraphrase: Write it in Your Own Words A paraphrase own rendition of essential information and ideas expressed by someone else, presented in a new form. K one legitimate way (when accompanied by accurate documentation) to borrow from a source. Ore detailed restatement than a summary, which focuses concisely on a single main idea. Paraphrasing is a valuable skill because -k it is better than quoting information from am undistinguished passage. Alps you control the temptation to quote too much. * The mental process required for successful paraphrasing helps you to grasp the full meaning of the original. S Steps to Effective Paraphrasing 1. Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning. 2. Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card. 3. Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this eternal. At the top of the note card, write a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase. Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form. S. Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source. Paraphrasing is a way for you to smoothly integrate the ideas of someone into your own essay, When a writer paraphrases a section from a source (for instance, when a student paraphrases a few sentences from a newspaper article to use in his research paper), what he s actually doing is turning the original text into his own words. Hes not adding his own opinion, and hes not using the original wording: hes translating the original text into his own language, to flow better with his own writing. A paraphrase is an accurate, thorough restatement Of the original text in your own words. It will actually be about as long as the original work, and it will most certainly retain all the original ideas. Paraphrases, when they appear Within a paper, must be cited, because they are the authors ideas that come from the original work, not your own ideas. Summarizing It is simply condensing the authors words or ideas without altering the meaning or providing interpretation you use your own words for this. Basically, presenting the original information in a nutshell. Always cite it. Helpful Steps in Summarizing essays.. * read the entire text, noting the key points and main ideas. * Summarize in your own words what the single main idea of the essay is. * Paraphrase important supporting points that come up in the essay. * Consider any words, phrases, or brief passages that you believe should be quoted directly. Quotations, paraphrases, and summarizes serve many purposes. You might use provide support tort claims or add credibility to your writing refer them to To work that leads up to the work you are now doing * give examples of several points of view on a subject * call attention to a position that you wish to agree or disagree with * highlight a particularly striking phrase, sentence, or passage by quoting the original * distance yourself from the original by quoting it in order to cue readers that the overdo are not your own expand the breadth or depth of your writing Paraphrasing and summarizing are very similar.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Home Schooling Essay Example

Advantages and Disadvantages of Home Schooling Essay Homeschooling is an education option for children which means that the children do not have to go to school to study, but they study in their own home by the guidance of their parents or tutors. This education option is recognized and also accepted in many countries. For example in Indonesia there is a law that protects and accepts informal education such as homeschooling. It is written in UU No 20/2003 about Education National System article 27. In the past, some parents belive that it was not a good ideas to give the children homeschooling because they were worried if they give their children homeschooling then their children’s knowledge will not develop as good as other children who take common schools. Nowadays people seems to change their mind, they started to think about giving their children homeschooling. About 1, 35 million USA children in 2007 take homeshooling (Kompas news paper), and even more in present. In some parents’ opinion, they gave their children ho meschooling because they want to prevent their children from bullying that often happens in common schools. There are two advantages of giving children homeschooling. The first advantage that many parents think before they give their children homeschooling is that they want to prevent their children from aggressive environment for example is students bullying because so many cases about bullying that happens in school even though it had not been report in media. Usually the younger or smaller kids who become the victims of the older kids’ bad attitude, this can happen because in common schools the students are not in the same ages. There are age gaps among them and due to the age gaps, the bully action might happen because the older students see the younger students as weak people that will not fight back to the older students if they hurt them. This is what the parents are worried because they cannot always protect their children if their children take public scho We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages and Disadvantages of Home Schooling specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages and Disadvantages of Home Schooling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages and Disadvantages of Home Schooling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Human Resource Bundles

Human Resource Bundles The relationship between organizational performance and human resource management (HRM) practices has been discussed and examined by scholars and business administrators. It is believed that the ability to motivate, train or empower workers can give a company a competitive advantage over other firms.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human Resource Bundles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the issues that are often studied is the impact of the so-called human resource bundles on the business outcomes, namely productivity, profitability or retention of workers. In this case, the term bundles can be understood as a set of aligned and interrelated practices and strategies that are supposed to bring mutually enforcing effects on organizational performance (Ahmad Schroeder 2003, p. 37). This paper is aimed at determining whether this approach leads to superior outcomes. Overall, one can say that such bundles can inde ed have a positive influence on a company provided that managers understand the core values and needs of workers. At first, it is necessary to focus on the theoretical background of HR bundles and the reasons why approach to HR management has become very popular in many organizations. One of the main assumption is that the activities of an HR managers have to be synergistic (Toh, Morgeson, Campion 2008, p. 864). In other words, they have to supplement one another and create an extra value for a company. Scholars provide various examples to support this idea. For instance, companies often develop training programs for their workers so that they could acquire and develop new skills. However, these training programs usually yield better results, if an organization has a knowledge-based pay system (Toh, Morgeson, Campion 2008, p. 864). This system has to account for individual contribution of every worker so that he/she could be more willing to take part in training. This is how sever al HRM practices can reinforce each other.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The second point that scholars make is that HRM practices should reflect organizations context. Managers should take into account such factors as the size of the company, its structure, culture, product, and so forth (Verburg, Hartog, Koopman 2007, p. 186). This is why it is necessary to adapt HRM practices to this context and make them mutually consistent. There is another distinct peculiarity of HRM bundles. A manager, who adopts this approach, should not focus on a single activity. Instead, it is necessary to think about them as a system of related components (Gooderham, Parry, Ringdal 2008, p. 2043). These people should remember that the change in one practice can either increase or decrease the efficiency of other HR activities. So, this approach differs from conventional strategies o f HR managers. Overall, HR bundles have to touch upon such aspects of HR management as recruitment, performance appraisal, compensation, the development of employees’ skills, empowerment of workers, and so forth. These practices should not be viewed as some disjoint elements. More likely, they are supposed to support each other. It is believed that in this way, an organization can yield better results. So, theoretical underpinnings of HR bundles can be accepted. However, business administrators should remember that the bundling of HRM practices can be effective provided that the company can understands the values, goals, and needs of workers. HR bundles should be based on some tested assumptions about the behavior of workers. Provided that this set of policies is poorly designed, its effects can be devastating because a company can design a whole set of policies that disregard the behavior of employees. This is the main risk that human resource managers should consider. At th is point, it is necessary to discuss empirical studies that examine the impacts of using this approach.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human Resource Bundles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The researchers, who examine the changes brought by HR bundles, focus on such outcomes as the retention of employees, financial performance, relationship with customers, or operational performance (Subramony 2009, p. 745). The meta-analysis carried out by Manesh Subramony indicates that there is a positive relationship between the use of HR bundles and some of important business outcomes. For instance, one can mention motivation-enhancing bundles. They include such practices as linking pay with performance, incentive plans, or improved healthcare benefits (Subramony 2009, p. 746). The companies, which used these bundles, were able to reduce employee turnover (Subramony 2009, p. 753). Additionally, skill-enhancing bundles positi vely affected the performance of workers (Subramony 2009, p. 752). This is one of the examples showing that this strategy can lead to superior results. The main distinction of such companies is that they try to align their policies and orient them toward a certain goal. The management of these organizations does not isolate different practices of HR managers. One can also refer to the research conducted by Eleni Stavrou and Chris Brewster (2009) who examined the impact of different HRM bundles on such aspects of business performance as service quality, profitability, and productivity (p. 191). These authors surveyed the CEOs of 3702 companies (Stavrou Brewster 2009, p. 191). This study examines the role of different bundles that are related to training, performance appraisal, and compensation (Stavrou Brewster 2009, p. 193).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The researchers argue that a combination of strategies can better increase the productivity and retention of workers. In particular, they refer to training, pay-for-performance compensation system, and profit-sharing initiatives (Stavrou Brewster 2009, p. 193). On the whole, this study suggests that the bundle approach proved to be more effective than separate practices of HR managers. The organizations surveyed by Eleni Stavrou and Chris Brewster do not try to isolate HRM initiatives. More likely, they were viewed as a combination of mutually consistent policies. This is the main distinction of this approach. The use of the bundle method can have a positive impact on employees’ attitude toward the company and their commitment to organizational goals. One can mention the research article written by Jill Perry-Smith and Terry Blum (2000) who discuss the influence of the so-called work-family bundles. They can be defined as a set of policies that are designed to improve non-wo rk lives of employees (Perry-Smith Blum 2000, p. 1107). The findings of these authors suggest that workers feel more attached to those companies which try to reconcile organizational goals with personal needs of an employee (Perry-Smith Blum 2000, p. 1114). Normally, these bundles include such practices as flexible schedule programs, leave policies, or reemployment of workers (Perry-Smith Blum 2000, p. 1110). The main goal of these policies is to demonstrate that a company values each employee and wants to retain him/her. Nevertheless, the authors also point out that the positive influence of work-family bundles is much stronger in those firms in which a greater number of women are employed (Perry-Smith Blum 2000, p.1112). Thus, the positive effects of HR bundles depend upon the demographic characteristics of the labor force; in this case, one can speak about gender. On the whole, these examples suggest that the use of bundles can greatly benefit an organization. In most cases, organizations can really produce superior results with by adopting this approach. However, there are some issues that business administrators should not disregard. First of all, the researchers, who did these empirical studies, admit that it is often very difficult to measure the influence of HR bundles on performance. For instance, Manesh Subramony acknowledges that the influence of environmental factors on performance can be very significant and the degree of their influence should also be examined (2009, p. 758). In this regard, one can mention such external factors as the demand of the products or services, the level of unemployment in the country, or the competition faced by a company. These external factors can affect turnover in an organization or its profitability more profoundly than HR bundles. Additionally, Jill Perry-Smith and Terry Blum point out that the influence of HR bundles can be more accurately assessed if researchers conduct longitudinal studies (2000, p. 1115). It is necessary to examine the effects of HR bundles for a long time, because in this way one can better very the results of empirical studies. The problem is that longitudinal is not always possible. Thus, empirical evidence supporting the use of HR bundles should be more closely evaluated. Yet, despite these limitations one can still argue that the practices of HR managers should be better coordinated. They should have some common goal. This is why human resource bundles are often related to many positive outcomes, such as increased commitment of workers, improved productivity, and stronger motivation of workers. To a great extent, this argument is confirmed by many empirical studies. Although these studies have some limitation, the evidence that they provide suggests that the bundling of HRM practices is more effective that isolated activities of HR managers. Although, the use of HR bundles can be very promising, researchers should carry out further studies in order to measure t he efficiency of this method. One should focus on such dimensions of performance as customer retention, turnover in an organization, revenues, and so forth. More importantly, the impacts of HR bundles should be measured for more than once. References Ahmad, S Schroeder, R 2003. ‘The impact of human resource management practices on operational performance: recognizing country and industry differences’ Journal of Operations Management, vol. 21 no. 1, pp. 19-43. Gooderham, P, Parry, E, Ringdal, K 2008, The impact of bundles of strategic human resource management practices on the performance of European firms, International Journal Of Human Resource Management, vol. 19 no. 11, pp. 2041-2056. Perry-Smith, J, Blum, T 2000, Work-family human resource bundles and perceived organizational performance, Academy Of Management Journal, vol. 43 no. 6, pp. 1107-1117 Stavrou, E, Brewster, C 2005, The Configurational Approach to Linking Strategic Human Resource Management Bundles wi th Business Performance: Myth or Reality?, Management Revue, vol. 16 no. 2, pp. 186-201. Subramony, M 2009, A meta-analytic investigation of the relationship between HRM bundles and firm performance, Human Resource Management, vol. 48 no. 5, pp. 745-768 Toh, S, Morgeson, F, Campion, M 2008, Human resource configurations: Investigating fit with the organizational context, Journal Of Applied Psychology, vol. 93 no. 4, pp. 864-882. Verburg, R, Hartog, D, Koopman, P 2007, Configurations of human resource management practices: a model and test of internal fit, International Journal Of Human Resource Management, vol. 18 no. 2, pp. 184-208.

Pedagogic and Syllabus Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pedagogic and Syllabus - Case Study Example Mr. O’Bryan was diligent in discussing the exercises from the textbook and could fairly assess the progress of the students through the students’ participation in class, as well as in results of the examination. Mr. O’Bryan could gauge the level of competencies of the current students based on their cultural orientations, exposure to English as their second language, as well as in the predominantly similar cultural background. Likewise, from the topics that have been covered so far, students and the course supervisor are accorded with opportunities to assess the progress and competencies of the class, in general; and of any particular student who could manifest higher or lower proficiencies in the subject matter. For one’s scheduled teaching activity, the subject is on Reflexive pronouns. At the end of one’s session on Reflexive Pronouns, the students should be able to have a greater understanding of the use of pronouns such as me, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves; and be able to apply these in different sentence structures with greater competencies. In teaching the verb tenses, Mr. O’Bryan relied predominantly on discussing the exercises from the textbook. He uses the examples contained therein and solicits the response from the class according to what is thought to be the correct answer. Likewise, Mr. O’Bryan gives other examples and asks further questions from the class to determine if they have already clearly understood the lesson or subject matter being discussed. For instance, in the lesson on irregular verbs, Mr. O’Bryan determined if the class understood what the past tense of the verb ‘choose’ is through asking the appropriate question and soliciting the needed response.

Why Failure is on the Path to Success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why Failure is on the Path to Success - Essay Example But, what value is education if students are not fully prepared to go out into the world and discover a career that they can be successful at? The truth is that the option to fail students is an important part of a quality education system. Mary Sherry, in â€Å"In Praise of the F Word,† argues for the idea that students must be flunked if they are not up to standard. There are three reasons why the choice to fail a student must be present: the fear of failure, and competition, lead to a better quality student, education is worthless if a student does not develop sufficient career skills, and failure can sometimes be inevitable in order for a student to achieve success. The choice to fail students must be an option because the fear of failure, and competition, lead to a better quality student. The majority of students do not possess the ability to motivate themselves from within. There are of course the rare few who have the natural ability to always excel at any task that the y perform. If students are not given clear boundaries and expectations, then they are likely to meander without a goal or vision. If a student is not permitted to fail, then there is no incentive to excel. It is then good enough just to survive through school while not learning anything to a high degree. Almost every student would not voluntarily choose to fail, so if the option is presented to them, then they will certainly do everything to avoid it. Learning to compete and strive for excellence at all times is actually beneficial to a student because with enough guidance, they can motivate themselves enough to actually succeed. Just like in Communist countries, where everyone receives the same pay no matter the profession, there is no incentive to actually improve because it is possible to get by with just doing the bare minimum. Another reason why failure must be considered an option is because education is worthless if a student does not develop sufficient career skills. A few h undred years ago, the education institutions that are in place today were not yet founded. The majority of the population was uneducated, and thus could not rise in the economic ladder. When education began, the whole purpose was to equip people with skills that they could use to uplift themselves. If students do not possess the knowledge required after receiving an education, then their teachers, and the education system as a whole, have ultimately failed them. Not only that letting students pass who have not truly earned their qualifications not only deceives the student, but any employer that is considering hiring them. As Mary Sherry says in â€Å"In Praise of the F Word,† â€Å"passing students who have not mastered the work cheats them and the employers who expect graduates to have basic skills.† Finally, failure must be on the table because failure can sometimes be inevitable in order for a student to achieve success. There are some students who are naturally gi fted, and education is a breeze to them. That is all fine and good, and those students should be encouraged to go as far as they can. However, the vast majority of students do not know how to succeed because they are not naturally gifted. These students often fail simply because they are unsure of how to succeed. But, failing makes up a significant part of their education process because only once they fail do they realize what it takes to succeed. If failure is not an option, then they may appear to succeed, but will their appeared success help them at all? As Thomas Edison once said, failing is only finding one way that does not succeed. Once failures are eliminated, then success can be reached. Most people are afraid of failure, and rightly so, but

The Impact of Part Time work towards Academic Performance

The Impact of Part Time work towards Academic Performance 1. Introduction Most of MCAST students work part-time. Does this affect their school performance? If work is related to their studies this would definitely be beneficial. What if work is not study-related? After all, do students really need to work? Is a students life becoming boring? Curtis and Williams (2002) states that combining paid work and study, has become a norm in the UK. Vickers et al. (2003) report a similar situation in Australia, highlighting the global significance of this trend. According to Labour Force Survey carried out in the UK, it states that between 1996 and 2006 the amount of student engaged in part-time employment increased by 50%. According to the Journal of Organizational Behavior (1998) 50% of the full-time students in the U.S. have a part-time job. Part-time work can have a positive impact on the students especially if the work is course-related. Students can have a glimpse of their future job and determine whether they actually like that particular career path. Also, part-time jobs can help students improve time management skills and become more efficient. Parents and educators are in favour of employment amongst students because they believe that employment builds character (Greenberger and Steinberg, 1986). Dwyer et al. (2001) argue that combining work and study promotes a pragmatic perspective on education On the other hand, an excessive workload can have a detrimental effect not only on the students academic performance but also psychologically and physically. Combining work and study can also have negative effect on the students mental health such as stress and fatigue, leading to worsening performance in class. Rolfe (2002) reports that UK students believe that the excessive and unsocial hours of part-time work sometimes lead to tiredness and depression. If we had to look at higher education around the globe, say in the UK, students would have to pay approximately  £3000. In Germany, universities now charge à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1000 enrolment charge per year. In the USA the tuition fee varies around $9000 per year. Malta is one of the few exceptional cases were students are paid to study. MCAST students are entitled to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬83 per month and à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬233 at the beginning of the academic year. Out of which students are entitled to pay à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬372 BTEC registration fee. When I started university 6 years ago I never felt the need to do a part-time job (except in summer). Obviously, my budget was very tight and luxuries were inexistent. Nowadays, I started to believe that students prefer working part-time than keeping away from buying expensive mobiles, laptops and cars. This study examines two types of part-time work. Research has been preformed for students who work in the IT industry and the other research was carried out on students whose part-time job is not study-related. The purpose of this research is to find out whether these two types of part-time work affect the students performance and well-being. In this research we find that part-time jobs for student have a positive impact on their studies as long as the number of hours worked does not exceed twenty. Section 4 provides a background on the apprenticeship scheme at MCAST and other non-IT related jobs. Section 5 analyses the common part-time jobs amongst respondents and the main reasons for engaging in part-time work. Section 6 evaluates the effect of part-time work on students performance. In Section 7 the students well being is analyzed when compared to work and study commitments. Discussion, Future Limitations etc.. 2. Literature Review The literature reviewed below examines the popularity of part-time work amongst students, how employment is affecting students performance and how part-time work is effecting the students life. Some of the issues discussed in this research are the number of hours a student works, whether they still have time for study and leisure and how does this effect their academic performance and well-being. The prevalence of part-time work: According to Social and Economic Conditions of Student Life in Europe over 40% of the students from Spain, Sweden and Finland have work experience prior to entering into higher education. In general, more students from lower education backgrounds have work experience than students whose parents attained a higher education degree. It has been reported that poor students in countries such as Bulgaria, Ireland and Switzerland receive additional grants to compensate for the missing base funding via state support. For example, Irish students from low-educated families receive 93% more state support and high-educated families 44% less than the average student. In Malta students who come from families where the total household income is less than à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬5,000 per year are eligible for a supplementary grant of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬42 every four weeks, which is additional to their regular stipend. In Netherlands and Estonia more than two thirds of the students have a part-time job. In Australia half to three quarters of the students work. According to the report of the French Conseil Economique et Social on students employment (2007), 15% to 20% of students work regularly while studying in France. Statistics Canada states that, in Canada more than 48% of the students work part time. Full-time students working more than 35 hours per week has almost doubled since 1990. According to the Canadian Undergraduate Survey Consortium, more than 50% of the students work during their least year of their degree than the first. In Austria, Czech Republic and Estonia there is a comparatively high rate of employment and a relatively close relationship between students jobs and students courses (Social and Economic Conditions of Student Life in Europe). Analyses of the Eurostudent survey indicates that the lowest level of students working part-time is in Southern Europe (especially Portugal and Italy) and the highest rate is in Netherlands and Ireland. Potential reasons for such outcomes may be due to the nature of the labour market and availability of jobs suitable for students. For example, in Greece the majority of students do not engage in paid employment due to lack of job opportunities (Dimitros and Karaliopoulou (2005)). Whereas, in the U.S. part time employment has become the norm amongst students (Bureau of Labour Statistics 2005). In the past few years employment among post-secondary students has been increasing rapidly. The effect of part-time employment on students performance: Ronald DAmico (1994) states that part-time employment provides opportunities to assume greater responsibility, authority and cooperative interdependence. Students who work part-time will develop networking skills; contacts and references will be valuable for future employment opportunities. Employers may prefer students who held part-time jobs while at college because it indicates stronger management skills. Also, there is high probability that students who worked part-time will be employed on full-time basis once they graduate with the same company. Green (2001) also stated that they[students] had gained job skills, experience, knowledge of a variety of jobs, a sense of accomplishment, a feeling of responsibility, and money for personal and school expenses (p. 329). Employment can have a positive effect if balance working hours and study are balanced (Cheng 1995). Research done by the University of Canberra shows that paid employment did not have a large effect on grades. Results show that some paid employment improves grades slightly, but working more than twenty-two hours per week has a negative effect. On the other hand, most of the research indicates that employment negatively affects students academic achievements especially those who work more than fifteen hours a week and they are more likely to drop out (Stern 1997). According to Furr and Elling (2000), 29% of the students working 30-39 hours per week and 39% of those students working full time indicated that work had a negative and frequent impact on their academic progress. (Dallam Hoyt, 1981) anticipated that there will be negative effects on school performance because of part-time employment. Juggling work and study may also lead students to put forth less effort into both because they are spreading themselves too thin (Astin, 1993). According to Canadian Social Trends, 1994 shows that student who worked more than 20 hours had 33% dropout rate whereas students who worked less than 20 hours had a 16% dropout rate. Young and immature students tend to find it difficult to mange working hours and study than older students (Barone 1993). Therefore, age also pays an important role in the students decisions. A March 2009 study by the Bureau of Labor Statistics states that students with part-time work reduce the time spent on homework, sleeping, and socialization by 84%. McInnes (2001) stated that compared with those who do not work, younger first year students who work part-time are more likely to spend fewer days on campus, to not work with other students on areas of their course, and to have studied inconsistently through the semester. They also tend to anticipate getting lower marks, and are more likely to seriously consider deferring at an early point of their student experience We also know that these negative factors are amplified the more hours students work, and they feel seriously burdened by overcommitment. (p. 5). The effect of part-time employment on the students life: Too many hours spent at work could also affect the students lifestyle such as participating in extracurricular activities. Greenberger and Steinberg(1986) argued that instead of instilling work habits, many students who worked part time at an early age were more prone to cheating and dealing with boring work. Students who are unable to manage their part-time income or have never been given the right advice on how to save money will find it more difficult to make budgets and are more prone to overspending. This will eventually result in increasing the number of working hours. Research also indicates that too many hours of work increases fatigue and may cause lower academic performance. Carskadon(1999) states that students who work more than 20 hours changed their sleeping patterns resulting in later bedtimes, shorter sleeps, possibility of falling asleep during class, late arrivals at school or missing lectures. Many students who work part time find have limited time for their hobbies and extra-curricular activities (Hope 1990). According to researchers Barling, Rogers and Kelloway, Labour force participation by high school students, especially more than 20 hours of part-time work per week, is linked to poorer school performance, increased drug and alcohol use, decreased family contacts, and cynical attitudes toward work On the other hand, Tannock (2001) and (Li-Chen Wooster, 1979) pointed out that student works tend to have low skilled jobs, such as a cashier, fast food worker or retail. It is assumed that these jobs have a negative effect whereas high-quality part-time jobs seem to develop career-related skills. Also, these jobs are more likely to be flexible and work with students schedules (Healy, OShea, Crook, 1985). A number of researchers, for example, found that hard work built stronger academic character because it taught the students time-management skills, gave them experience outside of the classroom, more confidence and provided them with more satisfaction in college (Pennington, Zvonkovic, Wilson, 1989). According to Smith and Green (2001) student who work learn a lot and they develop self-efficacy especially the low-achievers. In her research Singg (2002) found out that students who work part-time tend to show more responsibility in their daily personal situations and have greater career maturity than those students who do not work. Stern (1997) states that students will develop a more positive attitude to work when gaining work experience whilst studying. Managing to work part time during the studies will also be beneficial on the resume. Employers look for students who are capable of managing time, working in teams, able to communicate and work on their own initiative. Research by the University of New Hampshire shows students who have a lot of free time they are more prone to make use of drugs and other substances. Therefore, the benefits of having a part-time job will keep the students occupied during their free time. Moreover, students who work part-time become financially independent and learn how to effectively manage finances. 3. The Research Context MCAST-BTEC National Diploma in Computing (Software) is offered at Malta College of Arts, Science Technology (MCAST). This course is Level 4 and the duration is 1 year Full-time or 2 years part-time on an apprenticeship. The course specializes in Software Development and the modules are relevant to the needs of the industry. Students who opt for an apprenticeship will still cover the same modules but over the duration of 2 years. ETC assists apprentices in finding an employer with whom they can perform their on-the-job training during the apprenticeship period. Apprenticeship will be required to work 27 hours a week and attend lectures twice a week. During 2009/2010 academic year I have noticed a 3% drop out and 25% failure rate. It has been found out that students are not dedicating enough time to practice programming mainly due to part-time work commitments. This study is targeted towards this group of students. The major questions of this research are: What factors influence students to seek part-time employment? How do students juggle study and work commitments? Do students set priorities if study and work commitments clash? If yes, how? Does part-time work have an impact on the students academic performance? Does part-time work have an impact on the students social life and well-being? Do the types of jobs students work have an impact on their academic performance? Do the number of hours worked effect the students performance? Research Methods: A questionnaire was compiled for students enrolled in the second year of the Diploma (specializing in Software). Questionnaires were distributed to two classes (one apprenticeship and the other non-apprenticeship) during one of the lectures. I taught both classes the same modules, i.e. Programming Concepts/Practice and mentoring their end-of-year Software Projects. Students were asked to complete the questionnaire anonymously. The data was collected two months prior to the end of semester when the student attendance was high. A total of 35 students completed the questionnaire. The average age of the students interviewed was between 17 and 21 years. Questionnaire Structure: The questionnaire comprised of four sections as follows: General information including Age, Gender and indicating whether they are apprenticeship students or not. Students engagement in part-time employment, including type of job, number of hours worked per week, number of days worked per week and the average hourly rate Students distribution of income Students experiences in balancing work, study, personal development and leisure. Students were asked to indicate whether they worked during the academic year and, if so, the number of hours and days they worked per week and the hourly rate. To evaluate the impact of part-time work on education, students had to specify how many hours they spend studying and the frequency of missing lectures or assignment deadlines due to work commitments. Ethics Procedure: Students were advised that participation was voluntary and refusing to participate will not affect their academic report. Students were informed that completed questionnaires will be stored in a secure location and treated with strict confidence. The questionnaires did not include any confidential data such as parents income or whether the students family receives government social benefits and grants. 4. Overview of the students background: Apprentices: ICT students at MCAST can opt to form part of the Apprenticeship Scheme during the second year of the National Diploma. They will spend 2 days at the college and 3 days at the work place. Apprenticeship students work 27 hours a week and are paid à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬200 per month (besides the monthly stipend). The course will be completed within 3 years (1 Year Full-Time and 2 years part-time on an apprenticeship). The benefit of students working as apprentices is that they are exposed to the working world and therefore they can better relate theory to practice. These students are led by professionals thus gain training and a learning experience. Apprentice students are more likely to be recruited by the company after they have completed their studies. Non-Apprentices: The option is that students can decide to complete the National Diploma in two years full-time. They will only benefit from the monthly stipend as stated in Introduction Section. These students will be allocated seventeen hours of lecturing per week. Most of the ICT students opt for this choice mainly because they complete the Diploma within 2 years. 5. The prevalence of part-time work: Non-IT related part-time jobs: Employment is the only way students can earn extra cash. Since most of the students are under qualified it is very difficult to find course related jobs therefore they opt for other part-time jobs. According to the Labour Force Survey carried out in the UK, nearly half a million full-time students work in the retail sector and nearly quarter of a million students work in hotels and restaurants industry. This survey shows the complete opposite. Only 11% of the students interviewed work in the retail sector and nearly half the respondents work in the catering industry. Besides the 43% of the students who work at an IT company (apprentices), this survey shows that the most popular part-time jobs amongst MCAST students are the following: Figure 1: Survey Question: What type of job do you have? The most popular non-IT related jobs were waiters/waitresses at fast food outlets, crepe makers, selling fast food at stalls and serving drinks in bars and clubs. In general, there were more male students than females engaged in these types of part-time jobs. The least most popular were cashiers at retail shops, telephone assistants, receptionists and entertainers. On the other hand these types of jobs were more popular amongst female students. These jobs require the minimal responsibility, flexible hours and few qualifications. Conversely, companies prefer people who are committed and work long hours because of the short-term and long-term projects they will have to complete within a stipulated deadline. Reasons for engaging in part-time work: Students at MCAST receive à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬83 per month as stipend. Is this amount enough for a student? Why does a student need to work? The main reason why students work is because they want to buy a car and maintain it. A car gives students independence and a social status. In February 2009 InsiterOnline.com  [1]  carried out a survey showing that 85 out of 170 students own a car and 22 out of 85 have a car bought to them by their parents. This clearly shows that Maltese students priority is that by the age of 18 they own a car. The second most popular reason for working is having money to spend during the weekends. The minimum amount a teenager spends every weekend is à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬20 including alcohol, transport and fast food takeaway. The third most popular reason for working is to buy clothing. Over the years I have noticed that students have become more conscious about their appearance. Most of the students wear expensive brand clothing and accessories. Other students prefer to do a part-time job to buy computer games and the latest gadgets. Keeping in mind that 99% of the students live with their parents therefore they do not have any accommodation expenses (besides a small percentage of the students who are expected to contribute to family expenses). The diagram below shows the statistics of this survey: Figure 2: Survey Question: How do you spend your part-time money? The most unexpected result was the 28% of the students who spend their part-time money on clothes. Research by the (Wheeler, 2001)states that in the U.S. an average student spends $57 weekly on clothes. To make matters worse, Malta is one of the most expensive countries in the EU to buy clothing. Evarist Bartolo  [2]  , ex-Minister of Education stated that, Maltas prices are the second highest in the Eurozone (after Slovakia). They are 150% relatively more expensive than EU average. Footwear in Malta has the highest prices in Eurozone: 164% relatively more expensive than EU average. Consumer electronics in Malta are the second highest in the Eurozone (after Slovakia): 186% relatively more expensive than EU average. Case studies: Reasons for students engaging in part-time jobs These case studies mostly suggested that students working long hours were doing so because of money. Working to earn extra money: David* is 19 years old and his obsession is cars. Similar to the majority of Maltese teens by the age of 18 years their first investment would be a car. This gives them independence and social status. David is not satisfied with buying a cheap second-hand car but his dream is have a modern sports car. David also believes that further education is mandatory in todays world, therefore he does not intend to stop studying. To be able to buy his dream car he estimates it would cost him around à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬14,000. Since David is a student he can only apply for a loan of up to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬5000, therefore the only option left is to sacrifice his free time and work. Working to pay for accommodation and living costs: Sarah* is 21 years old and comes from a middle-class family. During the last year together with her boyfriend they decided to rent a basic apartment and move in together. Although she comes from a middle-class family her family decided to assist her financially with school expenses but not for accommodation. To cope with the expenses, Sarah works as a shopkeeper between 4 and 7 during weekdays and between 9 and 12 on Saturday morning. Working to pay for leisure activities: Rebecca* is a fashion enthusiast and loves parties. She is always wearing brand clothing and accessories. The stipend is not enough to buy expensive clothing and go out in the weekends. Therefore, Rebecca works 10 hours a week at a clothing shop to make up for the extra expenses. Working to gain experience: Nathan* is one of the brightest students I have ever taught. He is 21 years old and an apprenticeship student. Besides working at an IT company he also works as a freelance web designer. During his free time he is always researching new technologies and enhancing his programming skills. *The names mentioned in the above case studies are fictitious. 6. The effect of part-time work on students performance: Evaluating Students Income: Students living with their parents have a higher amount of income when compared to others who have to maintain their own households. In other European countries students have to spend one third of their income on accommodation. In general, MCAST students spend most of their daily expenses on transport and food. The following table evaluates a students daily expenses; assuming that the majority of the students do not own a car but use public transport. Breakdown of an average student daily expenditure: Public Transport: (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1 each way) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬2.00 Lunch Soft drink: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬3.50 Total Daily Expenses à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬5.50 If we had to make some calculations: An MCAST student receives à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬83 per month. S/he spends on average à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬5.50 a day at the college. Calculation: Monthly stipend à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 83 Less Monthly expenses (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬5.50 * 20 days) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬110 Remaining Balance à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬27 The above calculation shows that a student who commutes to school using public transport and buys lunch from the college canteen everyday the stipend will not be enough to cover these basic expenses. The student makes a loss of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬27 monthly. Paid Work: Few working hours will unlikely have an impact on the studies, but the more hours worked the more there will be an impact on the students academic performance. This section will take into consideration 4 factors; pay and conditions for students working part-time, time spent in paid employment, time spent at college and time spent studying. Pay and Conditions for Students working part-time: According to the Part-time Employees (Amendment) Regulations, 2010- L.N. 117 of 2010, published on the 12th March 2010, part-timers should be paid à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬4.75 per hour during weekdays and on Sundays and Public Holidays the rate is à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬6.50 per hour. It is more likely that students from low-income families engage in a part-time job during their studies. Research shows that nearly half of the respondents earn à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬3 to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬4 per hour, which by and large is the minimum wage. Only 5% of the respondents earn à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬6 to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬7 per hour. This survey assumes that the statistics are based on the net pay. Figure 3: Survey Question: How much money do you earn per hour (net pay)? Time spent in paid employment: Furr and Elling (2000) and Dallam Hoyt, (1981) agree that the number of hours worked effect the students performance. There is a negative impact when students work more than twenty hours a week. Figure 4 shows that more than fifty percent of the interviewees work more than twenty hours a week. The majority of these students work as bartenders, waitresses or waiters, therefore it is quite common to work long hours because of the opening hours. Their shifts are usually from 5 pm till late at night. Such part-time jobs do not only entail taking orders and serving food but they are also generally requested to clean the place after the establishment closes. Figure 4: Survey Question: How many hours do you work per week? Nearly half of the respondents work between four to five days a week. The majority work on Friday evening and Saturday. Wednesdays and Sundays are also common working days. Students prefer not to work during the weekdays because of school commitments but if they are asked to work during the weekdays the majority of the students admitted that they would not refuse work. This clearly shows that students are eager to make money. Figure 5: Survey Question: How many days a week do you work? Time spent at college: Students are timetabled seventeen hours of lecturing. The following is a timetable of one of the classes interviewed. On average they spend six and a half hours at the college. Out of which they have four and half hours of lecturing. Overall, students wait ninety minutes between lectures. Figure 6: Sample Timetable Time spent studying: ICT students at MCAST spend 8 hours weekly in a computer laboratory. During these hours students will be thought programming concepts and they will also have hands-on sessions where they can practice under the teachers supervision. 8 hours are not enough to learn programming. Students have to practice at home to succeed. According to an article issued by Monash University (Faculty of ICT) states that programming students should spend at least 10 hours per week studying and practicing. Results: This section will describe the outcome of this research. Figures in section 4, 5 and 6 have been analyzed and evaluated. The table below calculates the number of hours remaining after deducting the total number of lecturing hours and hours allocated for studying, working and sleeping per week. The following calculation is based on a student who works 20 hours a week Hours Lectures per week 16 Working hours 20 Studying 10 Sleeping (7 hours * 7 days) 49 Total Hours Remaining (168 hours 95 hours) 73 Total hours in a week: 24 hours * 7 = 168 hours Total appointed hours: 16 + 20 + 49 + 10 = 95 hours The above estimations illustrate a breakdown of the number of hours in a week. As a result a student who works part time can only utilize the remaining 73 hours for study time and leisure. According to the EuroStudent survey, in most of the countries the average time spent on personal study time ranges between 30 to 35 hours per week. According to the EuroStudent document, the national averages for study-related activities (i. e. for taught courses and personal study time) range between 25 hours per week in Slovakia and Estonia and up to around 40 hours a week in Romania and Bulgaria. In most of the countries time spent on studies clusters around 30 to 35 hours per week. Gender % Number of Students Females 23% 8 Males 77% 27 Type of student % Number of Students Apprenticeship 43% 15 Non-apprenticeship 57% 20 Working hours for non-apprenticeship students (i.e. not IT related): Number of Hours % Number of Students More than 20 hours 40% 8 Less than 20 hours 30% 6 Do not work 30% 6 Grades % Number of Students Pass 14% 5 Merit 26% 9 Distinctions 40% 14 Fail 20% 7 Breakdown of grades: Working Scheme No. of students Pass No. of students Merit No. of students Distinction No. of students Fail Apprenticeship 5 10 > 20 hours 1 7 3 3 Do not work 1 1 3 1 The above statistics show that students who do not work or have a course related job are the most successful. The highest number of students who achieved a distinction are the apprenticeship students. With regards the group of students who work more than 20 hours a week, only one out of eight managed to achieve a pass the rest failed the module. The group who worked less than 20 hours a week managed to obtain a Pass and half of the group even managed to obtain a Merit. This shows that if students manage to balance work and st

Assessments Package Essay

The paper is based upon the self assessment online training. Throughout I will explain what changes the exercise has done to the view I had prior and the view I have after. Although in I think that becoming a case manager is a hard job and requires specific personality traits. I will write about the position of a case manager and what roles and duties the job requires. I will discuss the viewpoints on ethical principles, professional responsibilities, how my viewpoints had changed after the online training, and the self-awareness I have gained that could prepare myself for a case management role. View Changes on Ethical Principles The ethical obligations of the privacy for consumers and his or her protection of their health information are to be upheld at all times. The ethical principles within health care organizations are based upon the accountability of professionalism. However, the protection differs from the type of organization for example, state programs require state laws to be accommodated and followed. The programs in which state covers is alcohol and drug abuse programs, Medicare, and other accreditation programs that are applicable to federal laws. Therefore, the ethical principles in my opinion are held high as the guidelines are to be followed by all organizations in order to function properly and to provide the proper care to the clients. Privacy is extremely important as no person would want his or her medical conditions and concerns placed into public hands. View Changes on Professional Responsibilities The workforce training required for upholding privacy and security of health information proved to me that it is seldom to be professional in this type of work field. The awareness or degree of the security and privacy for patient’s health information varies from how to use or share health information, parameters, job position influences, the leadership interpretation, and implementing costs. The professionalism of the HIPPA security and privacy requires the formal education and proper training to ensure that the person entering this type of workforce can have ongoing accountability for the security and privacy to protect health information. The standards for HIPPA’s security and privacy rules address specific training requirements so professionalism responsibility is an absolute after receiving proper training. The requirements for the high-level training are crucial because of the cost and ongoing requirements and responsibilities of the workers. The professional responsibilities of the job demands ongoing training in which the workers are constantly up-to-date with documentations and responsibilities required by each person. The viewpoints of professional responsibilities after completing the online assessment has changed based upon the amount of responsibility the workers must obtain. The responsibility to make sure no health information is leaked through the system (documents, computers, corrupt employees) is extremely important, therefore the information shared among people is to be protected. Although I believe that health care information is not an item in which thieves’ want to possess. Health care information is in my opinion pointless to steal, as people really should not care who has certain medical conditions wrong with them. The workers job to me seems like a security job with the use of a computer in regard to health records, I often picture a security guard standing in front of a medical filling room. Self-Awareness Becoming self-aware of the case management role prepares me to comprehend the responsibilities, duties, and importance of health care information. The case management role is an important role as the information obtained by the case worker is personal should be guarded or protected, and secured. I am aware of the responsibility the case managers has daily and what his or her job title requires. However, I do not have plans or goals to become a case manager or to have that type of role in a job. I like helping people, whereas, I do not like to sit still and stare at a computers or paper work as a career. In the end, I have obtained information in which case manager’s jobs require extreme security, privacy, and professionalism. The case management role is only for certain people who can handle that type of job. Becoming a case manager is not a random choice a person picks for a career. For me, it is nice to obtain information in regard to the role of a case manager and realized how important case manager’s jobs are and what his or her daily duties require.

Blod Bank

BLOOD BANK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Software Requirements Specification 3rd Feb 2013 Prepared for BLOOD BANK Table of Contents Revision Historyii Document Approvalii 1. Introduction1 1. 1 Purpose1 1. 2 Scope1 1. 3 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations1 1. 4 References1 1. 5 Overview1 2. General Description2 2. 1 Product Perspective2 2. 2 Product Functions2 2. 3 User Characteristics2 2. 4 General Constraints2 2. 5 Assumptions and Dependencies2 3. Specific Requirements2 3. 1 External Interface Requirements3 3. 1. 1 User Interfaces3 3. 1. 2 Hardware Interfaces3 3. 1. 3 Software Interfaces3 3. 2 Functional Requirements3 . 2. 1 3 3. 2. 2 3 3. 5 Non-Functional Requirements4 3. 5. 1 Performance4 3. 5. 2 Reliability4 3. 5. 3 Availability4 3. 5. 4 Security4 4. Analysis Models4 4. 1 Sequence Diagrams5 4. 3 Data Flow Diagrams (DFD)5 4. 2 State-Transition Diagrams (STD)5 1. Introduction This SRS provides requirements and proposed solution of the Blood Bank Management System used in blood banks. This software works in a Client Server environment with the server storing the data and clients connecting to the server for all types of transactions.It will explain the purpose and features of the system, the interfaces of the system, what the system will do, the constraints under which it must operate, specific requirements and other supporting information. This document is intended for both the stakeholders and the developers of the system. This document is intended for developers, project coordinator, project guide, users and testers. The developer can use the document to view the analysis and design part, to understand requirements specification. The project coordinator can use this document to review the idea of project whether it is innovative and usable or not.The project guide can use this document to analyze and manage the flow of project development. The tester can use this document to get clear idea about system, to understand the exact input domain of system and to generat e respective test cases for the testing purpose. 1. 1 Purpose This Software Requirements Specification provides a complete description of all the functions and specifications of the Blood bank Management System software. The purpose of this document is to present a detailed description of the Blood Bank System. This document is useful for Blood Bank employees who use this system on the daily basis.This document will also serve as a reference to incorporate any changes made in the system to the future. It will also prove to be useful to the managerial staff which is responsible for the smooth functioning of the counter transactions that are performed on daily basis. This document is primarily intended to provide a detailed specification of the functional requirements for developers of the product. It also provides an overview of the product for the users. It will explain the purpose and features of the system, what the systems do and the constraints under which it will operate.This S RS document contains the complete software requirement for Post Office Transaction System and describes the design decisions, architectural design and the detail design needed to implement the system. It provides the visibility in the design and provides information needed for software support. 1. 2 Scope This software is used by System Administrator, Supervisor, Assistant and Lab technicians. The system is designed to provide user authentication by maintaining the user database which contains all the details of user along with login details such as username and password.Each user has a different level of operation for the authentication purpose. The solution will provide a well-organized and coordinated system where the blood and donor records are managed more efficiently with better security. The major goal of the system is to provide synchronized and centralized donor and blood stock database to the blood bank. It also improves the efficiency of blood stock management by alerting the blood bank administrator. System will provides traceability of donor in case of emergency. It also provides performance evaluation using report generation. 1. 3 Definitions, Acronyms, and AbbreviationsThis subsection should provide the definitions of all terms, acronyms, and abbreviations required to properly interpret the SRS. This information may be provided by reference to one or more appendixes in the SRS or by reference to other documents. 1. 4 References 1. www. bharatbloodbank. com 2. www. bloodbankindia. com 1. 5 Overview This document contains a brief history and insight into the problem as well as what the system is designed to do, the scope of the solution. It gives a brief summary of whom the system is targeted at, its capabilities, and its positioning in the device development process.It also explains requirements of the system and also where exactly the user and stakeholders are placed in the scheme of things. It elaborates on security issues, hardware and softwar e requirement and also the priorities of various functionalities. The document helps the user to understand the Blood Bank System. The first part of the document provides the purpose, objectives and scope of the proposed system. It includes important definition, the problem statement specify the needed details to avoid any kind of ambiguity from user’s perspective. The document also states the feature set and capabilities of the system.The document also highlights the feature of proposed system and the advantages over the existing system. The document also highlights the various issues, error handling and the modification to be done in the system. The document is helpful to the user as it gives them opportunities to state what they expect from the system. In addition, the hardware specification required for the system is also mentioned. The user can read the document and make sure that his machine is equipped to run the system to avoid any inconvenience The user should make u se of the document to understand the system better.The rest of this document provides a full description of the project for the blood bank. It lists all the functions performed by the system. It gives the details of each of the system functions and actions in full for the software developer’s assistance. It also gives the overview of the problems currently faced by the system and provides solutions for the same. 2. General Description The project deals with the problem of automated management system that is keeping track of the actual amount of blood stock in the blood bank and to minimize human errors.The solution will provide a well-organized and coordinated system for blood bank where the blood and donor records are managed more efficiently with better security and added automation functions in alerting the administrator when the blood quantity is below par level and about the expired samples. In addition, the administrator can also trace back the donor responsible in case of reactive sample in blood transfusion and blood screening result. This system also creates a convenient and paperless environment for the blood bank in managing donors and processing blood stocks.The registration time for old donor is shortened as the records are retrievable from the system. Also the performance evaluation is possible using report generation facility. 2. 1 Product Perspective This system keep the track of all the actual amount of the blood stock in the blood bank to minimize the human errors. 2. 2 Product Functions 1. System will also maintain Blood Stock records and Discard register. 2. System will provide levels of operators for authentication purpose. 3. System will provide an authentication form where the users will fill the details. 4.System will process the request of login. 5. System will check for the entered details in the login database. 6. If the entered username and password are valid then the system will grant access to the user else will display an error message. 7. System will provide five interfaces such as Testing Interface, Blood Stock Interface, Issue Interface, Donor Registration Interface and Statistics Interface. 8. Donor Registration Interface will take all the personal and medical details of donor and generate a unique id for each donor. 9. If the donor already has an id then will retrieve its details. 10.In Testing Interface, if the results are positive then discard register is updated with sample details. 11. If the results are negative Blood Stock Repository is updated with sample details. 12. In Blood Stock Interface, system will generate unique bag numbers for each product. 13. It will generate alerts when the blood quantity is below par level and about the expired samples. 14. The System will move expired sample details to discard register and update blood stock repository. 15. In Issue Repository, system will check blood stock repository for availability. 16. If stocks are available then system will place an i ssue order. 7. It will generate a label which includes bag number and details of sample. 18. In Statistics analysis, system will generate various reports. 19. The whole transaction of the blood will be recorded in a system 20. The software will perform the stock management & bill generation. 21. All the transaction of the blood will be updated within a small period of time. 22. The software will generate all the annual record of the blood bank.. 23. It will also maintain the record of the blood donor. 24. It will also maintain the record of the rejected blood and the rejection for the blood rejection. 2. User Characteristics The user must have the basic knowledge of the computer system. It is not necessary that the user must have the knowledge of the computer hardware. System administrator, supervisor, assistant and lab technicians. 2. 4 General Constraints * Blood bank employees ,donors 2. 5 Assumptions and Dependencies * The System will not allow any user with invalid username and invalid password. * The system should not provide administrative privilege to any customer. 3. Specific Requirements The systems should satisfy the below given requirements. 1. Operating System: Windows XP Professional 2.Database Management System (DBMS): MySQL 5. 0 3. Peer to peer connection. This can be done by connecting both the systems using a cross cable and giving different IP addresses to them. 3. 1 External Interface Requirements System Interfaces The systems should satisfy the below given requirements. 4. Operating System: Windows XP Professional 5. Database Management System (DBMS): MySQL 5. 0 6. Peer to peer connection. This can be done by connecting both the systems using a cross cable and giving different IP addresses to them. User Interfaces User Type| Intended Interaction| 1. DONOR REGISTRATION a. New donor b.Regular donor| * The system will take all the personal and medical details of donor and generate an unique id for the donor. * The system will take donors id a s input, validate it and retrieve all its details including last donations. | 2. Administrator Login | * This login page will take input as username and password from the administrator * The system will validate the inputs and provide access to the system with more privileges to system and administrator| Testing | * This will take the input as blood group, donor id, date of collection; test carried out and its result.If the test results are positive then sample details are moved to discard register otherwise to blood stock repository. | Blood stock| * It will take all the details of the samples including blood group, its product details, date of collection, date of preparation, date of expiry, result of testing and generate a bag number. * It will generate alerts when the blood quantity is below par level and about the expired samples. * The expired sample details are moved to discard register and removed from blood stock repository. | Issue| * It will take input as product name, qu antity, blood group and validate it with blood stock repository. If the stock is available then issue order will be placed. * It will generate a label which includes bag number, details of sample etc. | Statistics Display Page| * The administrator has access to this page. It displays all statistical data regarding the various issue orders placed, blood stock repository and testing screening. * Report generation. | 3. 5 Non-Functional Requirements Goal – To provide authentication to donors. Objective 1 – Create unique id for donor’s. a. Accept donor personal and medical information for new donors. b. Generate unique id for each donor.Objective 2 – Process authentication request. a. Accept donor id in case of regular donor. b. Retrieve donor’s profile. Goal – To manage Blood Stocks. Objective 1 – Process blood stock details. a. Accept product details like collection date, expiry date, blood group etc. b. Generates a unique bag number. O bjective 2 – Establish connection with Issue interface and testing interface. a. Validate stock details for issue. b. Update blood stock repository after testing is negative. Goal – To generate reports and label. Objective 1 – To generate report. a.Generate product statistics b. Generate yearly, monthly reports and provide it to the administrator. Objective 1 – To generate labels for issue. a. Generate labels for the issue order placed. b. Provide it to the customer along with the date of delivery 3. 5 Non-Functional Requirements 7. 1. 1 Availability * For the customers, the services available are: Registration as a donor, placement of issue order. * For the administrator, the services available are: Manipulation of databases, change the functionalities provided by the system and monthly and yearly reports generation. . 1. 2 Security * This system maintains consistency and security as the blood stock details can’t be modified by the administrator o r the other user. The system analyses the issue order placed by the customer and accordingly fulfills it. The system will also provide authentication by using username and password. * The donor’s database will have its own security to prevent unauthorized write/delete access. The donor’s details will not be disclosed while issuing. 3. 8 Logical Database Requirements The databases used by the system are * Donor database Blood stock database * Discard database * Account database User database: The purpose of this database is to store the required information of the donors and their id’s. This database will be used for traceability of donor. The donors will fill their information while registration. Their credentials will be saved in this particular database. Blood Stock database: This database is used to maintain blood stock information. It maintains the details of valid samples. Discard database: This database is used to store details of blood samples which have to be discarded.This will contain information of expired samples and those samples which reacted positively in testing screening. Accounts database: The purpose of this database is to store the account details regarding issue of blood sample and to maintain the history of all the previous transactions. This database will be used by the administrator so that he can calculate the total cost of the issue orders placed. Accessing capabilities: 1. Only administrator can set the role of users and their access capabilities 2. No user can access anything outside its accessing capability .